{"id":235,"date":"2019-08-01T16:26:21","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T13:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/?page_id=235"},"modified":"2019-08-01T16:26:22","modified_gmt":"2019-08-01T13:26:22","slug":"%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%af%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%85","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/?page_id=235","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>\u0391\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 &amp; \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf Boeing \u039c\u0391\u03a7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2019). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\n\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af (\u03b2\u03bb. \u0399\u0391\u03a4\u0391 2015) \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Airbus (2014) \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\n\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 0.07 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\n\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 2.8 (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2). \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\n\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.\n\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (Allianz\n2014). \u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 Boeing\n(2007) \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 80% \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 20% \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\n\u03c3\u03b5 80% \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 20% \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (Germanwings 2015), \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b7 \u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\n\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 MH17 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Malaysian Airlines), \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 MH370),\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (EASA 2016). \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7\n\u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\n\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u0392737 \u039c\u0391\u03a7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd,\n\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1),\n\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Theocharis &amp;\nTsihritzis\n2016). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\n\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf-\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.\n\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf,\n\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disasters that\naffect the public receive a lot of attention about what went wrong, and whether\nsomeone had knowledge that the risk existed and that a disaster was possible.\nSuch disasters can be economical (e.g. the 2008 financial crisis), physical\n(e.g. the 2004 and 2011 Tsunamis), or industrial (e.g. the Ethiopian airlines\ncrash in 2019). In aviation, the\nsafety record has reached its most impressive statistics. For example, the\nsafety record has had its zero-accident year in 2013, and industry reports note\nthe developments in the industry as \u201cdownward trends\u201d (IATA 2015). In addition,\nAirbus\u2019s (2014) statistical analysis shows that fatal accidents chances are\n0.07 in one million flights. Moreover, ICAO (2014) notes that compared to the\ngrowth in traffic there is decline in accidents, noting a 2.8 accident\nrate per one million departures. This relatively accident free context,\nhowever, is not without challenges. Knowledge challenges in aviation safety are noted as information is\n\u201chard to calculate\u201d and compare regional accidents rates (Allianz 2014).\nBoeing\u2019s (2007) findings show the reverse in accidents from 80% machine\n\u2013 20% human to 80% human \u2013 20% machine attributed. In addition, recent\naccidents shifted the attention to sabotage (e.g. Germanwings 2015), conflict\nzones (e.g. the downing of\nMH17), the role of satellite tracking (e.g. the disappearance of MH370) and\nissues of cyber security (EASA 2016). Recently, the Federal Aviation\nAdministration (FAA) came in the spotlight of controversy when two\nBoeing 737 MAX<a href=\"#_edn1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a>\ncrashed killing all souls on board. The pubic, experts and other stakeholders\nof the aviation industry questioned the role of the FAA in the certification\nprocess of the new Boeing, whilst looking for answers to the fatal crashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless,\nfatal events are now considered exceptions, as the probabilities of an airline\ncrash and of fatalities are very low. However, some of the older problems remain, such as fatigue\nand lack of reporting. In this dynamic environment, the aviation policy makers\nhighlight context as part of the emerging issues in aviation safety (EASA\n2015). This changing context affects knowledge elements (Theocharis &amp;\nTsihritzis 2016). This chapter emphasises on the changing nature of safety and\nrisk in a big data era and raises questions for the development of knowledge\nmanagement in the risk assessment process, and how conversion of data into\nknowledge is created depending on risk management paradigms. The chapter\nadvocates the need for an alternative knowledge paradigm for risk assessment in\naviation, able to assist in strategic planning and decision analysis,\nemphasising on context. The following sections review the literature and the\nproblems in the knowledge management (KM) paradigms and as these translate into\naviation risk management (RM) methodologies. By doing so, the chapter explains\nthe problems under each paradigm for the conversion of data to knowledge and\nproposes an alternative, multiparadigm, approach for risk assessment through\nlearning. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\">[i]<\/a> Boeing\u2019s new automated aircraft,\nthe 737-MAX was involved two times within a few months in two fatal crashes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 &amp; \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0386\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc mariapapanikou80@gmail.com \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 &amp; \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 &#8211; Knowledge &amp; safety science \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-235","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaHFmL-3N","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=235"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":236,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235\/revisions\/236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}