{"id":231,"date":"2019-08-01T15:59:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T12:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/?page_id=231"},"modified":"2019-08-01T16:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-08-01T13:00:00","slug":"%cf%87%cf%81%ce%ae%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%be%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%8c%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%85%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%82","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/?page_id=231","title":{"rendered":"\u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039e\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>\u0395\u03c0. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>roger77738@yahoo.gr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\u0391) 1.<\/strong> <em>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/em> \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7; <strong>2.<\/strong> <em>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <\/em>\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2\n\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2; <strong>3.<\/strong> <em>\u03a0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf<\/em> (\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2;\n<strong>4.<\/strong> <em>\u039c\u03b5\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf<\/em> \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd)\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\/\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\/\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\n\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd,\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae, \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b1\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc (\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae) \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\u0392) 1.<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\n\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\n\u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0.\u03c7. Mannheim, \u03bf\u03b9\n\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Mannheim \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\n\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. 1\u03b1) \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Ludwik Fleck, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 (thought style), \u03c4\u03bf\n\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\n\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\n\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1. <strong>2. <\/strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\n\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u0395\u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5), \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc.: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Mannheim): \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\n\u03bc\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\n\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. <strong>3. <\/strong>\u039c\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c2\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc; \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0391\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Mannheim \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc; \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u00ab\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u00bb \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\n\u03b3\u03c5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u03b2\u03bb. Merton), \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5,\n\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\n\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\n\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barnes, Barry.\n(1977). <em>Interests and the Growth of\nKnowledge. <\/em>Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, London. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bloor, David.\n(1976<sup>a<\/sup>). <em>Knowledge and Social\nImagery.<\/em> Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, London. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fleck, Ludwik.\n(1979). <em>Genesis and Development of a\nScientific Fact. <\/em>Thaddeus Trernn and Robert Merton (eds). The University of\nChicago Press, Chicago. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koerdge,\nNoretta. (2000) \u201cScience, Values, and the value of Science\u201d, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <em>Philosophy of Science. <\/em>Vol. 67,\nSupplement. Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings of the Philosophy of\nScience Association. Part II: Symposia Papers (Sep. 2000), \u03c3\u03c3: S45-S57. \n\nMannheim, Karl. (1997). <em>\u0399\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1. <\/em>(\u039c\u03c4\u03c6. \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2\n\u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2). \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1: \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0395\u03c0. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf roger77738@yahoo.gr \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0391) 1. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7; 2. \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ad\u03be\u03c9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2; 3. \u03a0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-231","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaHFmL-3J","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":232,"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/231\/revisions\/232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/synathena.gr\/epistemology3\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}